Lifestyle Influences the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia in 2013 by 2.1% increased from 2007 which was
only 1.1% and DKI Jakarta was above the national average prevalence of 3.0%.
Objectives: Assess the influence of lifestyle (physical activity, diet, smoking behavior, and obesity) on the
incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Method: This is a quantitative study with case control design. The case population in this study was all patients
with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the controls were all parien who did not have diabetes mellitus. The size of
the sample is calculated by using a large rusmus hypothesis test sample of 2 proportions. The minimum sample
count for cases was 162 cases and 162 controls, the total sample was 324 respondents. The statistical test used
is the Chi Square test.
Results: The results showed that the proportion of respondents aged ? 40 years (68.8%), female (49.4%), poorly
educated (23.5%), there was a history of diabetes mellitus (41.4%), less physical activity (59.0%), unbalanced
diet (53.7%), smoking (31.2%) and obesity (41.0%). The results of bivariate analysis showed that the variables
that affect the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus were physical activity (p=0000, OR=4,914), diet (p=0.001,
OR=2.125), and obesity (p=0000, OR=2,622). While smoking behavior has no effect on the incidence of type 2
diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion: Lifestyles that affect the incidence of Type 2 DM are lack of physical activity, unbalanced diet, and
obesity. Smoking cannot be proven.